In the chemical industry, a fractional distillation column in chemistry industry is mainly used to separate different components in complex mixtures such as crude oil, and achieve efficient purification and classification collection based on the boiling point differences of each component.
background of fractional distillation column in chemistry industry
fractional distillation column in chemistry industry is one of the core equipment for continuous separation of liquid mixtures in the chemical industry, especially widely used in petroleum refining processes. It controls the temperature gradient to condense components with different boiling points in the mixture at different heights inside the column and collect them separately. This technology is crucial in large-scale production as it can more accurately separate multiple components compared to simple distillation.
Working principle and process of fractional distillation column in chemistry industry
The operation of the fractionation column relies on the following mechanisms:
Raw materials (such as crude oil) are heated to gasification and sent to the bottom of the fractionation column.
The temperature gradually decreases from bottom to top of the column, and high boiling point substances (such as heavy oil) are condensed and discharged at the bottom, while low boiling point substances (such as natural gas and gasoline) rise to the top for condensation and collection.
Each floor is equipped with side exits for extracting specific "fractions" - such as naphtha, kerosene, diesel, etc.
This process is not only suitable for petrochemical industry, but also for alcohol purification, essence extraction and other fields

fractional distillation column in chemistry industry