The supercritical fluid technology is a new-type separation technology in modern chemical separation. The supercritical extraction takes CO2 as the solvent, as CO2 fluid under supercritical state has larger density and dielectric constant, larger dissolvability against substances, which can change abruptly when temperature change therefore it has not only the selection if dissolvability against some substances, the separation of the solvent with the extracted substances is also easily. The supercritical CO2 extraction is specially suitable for extraction of fat-soluble and heat-sensitive substances with high boiling point.

Take CO2 as the solvent to make extraction and purification upon a lot of products such as biological products, foodstuff and chemistry.

The principle of supercritical CO₂ extraction machine for essential oils is based on the properties of CO₂ in its supercritical state.

Specifically, this involves utilizing the dual properties of CO₂ in its supercritical state (at temperatures above 31.1°C and pressures above 7.38 MPa)—namely, its gas-like diffusion and liquid-like solubility—as an extraction agent. The CO₂ permeates plant tissues, dissolves essential oil molecules, and then returns to its gaseous state through depressurization/temperature reduction, separating from the essential oils (CO₂ can be recycled).

Supercritical CO2 extraction technology combines the characteristics of distillation and liquid-liquid extraction. By controlling the temperature and pressure of carbon dioxide, it achieves dual properties of gas and liquid, thereby enhancing dissolution capacity and mass transfer performance to enable effective extraction of target components. During the extraction process, when temperature and pressure return to normal, the dissolution capacity of carbon dioxide decreases, allowing the active ingredients to separate from the gaseous carbon dioxide, thus achieving the goal of extraction and separation.

The operating temperature of supercritical extraction process is low, which can avoid the oxidation and decomposition of effective components in volatile oil. At the same time, due to the characteristics of small relative molecular weight, low boiling point, and low polarity of volatile oil, it has good solubility in CO2. Compared with traditional extraction methods, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology has the advantages of high yield, less impurities, short extraction time, and no environmental pollution. Therefore, traditional Chinese medicine essential oils are a class of substances that are very suitable for extraction using supercritical fluid technology.

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