distillation column refinery also known as distillation tower or distillation column, is one of the most critical unit equipment in the petroleum refining process. Its main function is to separate and achieve preliminary fractionation by utilizing the boiling point differences of each component in crude oil under normal or reduced pressure conditions. This process usually occurs in an Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation Unit . 

The distillation column refinery is the core equipment used for crude oil separation in refineries, which separates crude oil into components such as gasoline and diesel according to different boiling points through heating and distillation .

The operation of a distillation tower is based on the principle of gas-liquid equilibrium. By controlling temperature, pressure, and reflux ratio, light components are increased while heavy components are decreased, resulting in the extraction of products from different tower layers. Common types include:
distillation column refinery of Atmospheric Distillation Column: Used for preliminary separation of crude oil into naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc.
distillation column refinery of Vacuum Distillation Column: further processing of atmospheric residue to avoid high-temperature cracking.

fractionating column tower Separation Equipment of synthesis methane